{"id":2181,"date":"2018-02-20T21:48:39","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T19:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/?p=2181"},"modified":"2021-04-16T12:46:57","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T10:46:57","slug":"chto-takoe-perovskitovye-fotoelemnty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/ru\/chto-takoe-perovskitovye-fotoelemnty\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0442\u044b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 23,9% \u0434\u043e 26%. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 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srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/091_main.jpg 741w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/091_main-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/091_main-600x324.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Saule Technologies \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 Skanska Group \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 2006 \u043f\u043e 2008 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u041a\u041f\u0414 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2-3 %. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u041a\u041f\u0414 \u0434\u043e 22%, \u0443\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 7 \u043b\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438?<\/p>\n<h2>\u0418\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u00a0\u0432 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\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 CaTiO3.<\/p><div id=\"solar-2079222510\" class=\"solar-soderzhanie_7 solar-entity-placement\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- side -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8284324296037453\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1413577260\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/1472317848_1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2183 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/1472317848_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/1472317848_1.jpg 422w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/1472317848_1-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b 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\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 ABX3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2184 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/perovskite.png 1383w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 ABX3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A = \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0439 (CH3NH3) +<\/li>\n<li>B = \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0446 (II) (Pb2 +)<\/li>\n<li>X3 = \u0430\u043d\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434 (Cl-) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0434 (I-)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c 70 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430 1 \u0412\u0442, \u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e 10-15 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430 1 \u0412\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432 180 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 1 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d. \u041a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u00ab\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043b\u00bb \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435.<a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/per-sol-batarei-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2185\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/per-sol-batarei-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/per-sol-batarei-3.jpg 620w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/per-sol-batarei-3-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/per-sol-batarei-3-600x406.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Oxford Photovoltaics \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0435\u044f\u00bb \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435?<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 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