{"id":755,"date":"2012-11-23T18:18:18","date_gmt":"2012-11-23T16:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/?p=755"},"modified":"2021-04-19T21:59:07","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T19:59:07","slug":"razvitie-fotoelementov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/ru\/razvitie-fotoelementov\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439<\/b>.\u00a0 \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, <a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/solnechnaja-batareya\">\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438<\/a> \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 <b>\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/b>. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435, \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-757 size-full aligncenter\" title=\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.png\" alt=\"\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\" width=\"737\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.png 737w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430-600x454.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440. <strong>\u0418\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 p-n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u00ab\u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 N, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443) \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438). \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044f<strong>. <\/strong>\u041e\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, 18-22%, \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-758 size-full\" title=\"\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044fl\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0438\u0437-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044fl.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-759 size-full\" title=\"\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044cl\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044cl.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044cl.jpg 300w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044cl-165x300.jpg 165w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/monokristallicheskie-i-polikristallicheskie-solnechnye-elementy-infografika\">\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 14-18%. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 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\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-760 size-full\" title=\"\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437 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https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0438\u0437-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0438\u0437-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 100% \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u00ab\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438\u00bb. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p><b>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/b> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c p-n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 200-300 \u043c\u043a\u043c. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u041a\u041f\u0414 (17-22%) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 82%.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/b> \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 p-n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b: \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0439 (CdTe), \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d (CIGS) \u0438 \u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 3 \u043c\u043a\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 7-15%. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 18%.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-762 size-full\" title=\"\u0442\u044d\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\" src=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/\u0442\u044d\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"304\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u041f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u044d\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0434-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong> \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f p-n \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a <a href=\"http:\/\/solarsoul.net\/chto-takoe-perovskitovye-fotoelemnty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/a> \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u00a0\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 7%. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 0,5%<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-763 size-full\" 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